How often do you wash your towel? Some people wash once a week, while some, once a year. The towel is a fertile breeding ground for millions of microbes, especially those found on human skin and on the gut. No wonder the towel is one of the objects that facilitate fecal-oral contamination (literally connecting the two ends of the gut). Worse still, most people keep towels in the bathroom (near the toilet). Every flush of the toilet sends mist with millions of microbes, ranging from H.pylori, salmonella and other deadly bacteria and viruses. When you wash your hands ready for a meal, and dry them with your body towel, there's high chance you are directly ingesting your fecal matter, or, if in a shared lavatory, someone else's faeces. Unless cleaned well, viruses such as human papillomavirus (causes warts, anal cancer and cervical cancer) can be transmitted when towels are shared with infected individuals. So, what to do? 1. Launder towels once a week. 2. Use hot water and det...
BY LANGAT MATHEW
Ideally, anti-defection laws are temporary measures to consolidate a chaotic party system, but who are we kidding? Ours is a semi democratic system where parties are merely temporary electoral and legislative alliances designed to maximize the election chances of individual politicians.
Established democracies value the freedom of individual parliamentary members/candidates to switch parties. They regard switching parties as compatible with democratic values and see anti-defection laws as infringements on political freedoms. It may help to learn from democratic nations like New-Zealand and South Africa who once had but abandoned such laws.
In a political system that is still struggling to mold credence and credibility in their elections, it is a step in an uncertain direction to restrain candidates from being ideologically (or otherwise) at variance with their parties.
Since multy-party democracy, the lack of political consistency and unbridled party-switching by politicians understandably has reinforced the notion among voters that parties are neither robust nor meaningfully differentiated. Little to say of the regional (tribal?) brand in each political party.
Our fragmented parties operating in a corrupt and personalistic political system has very little commitment to political values and democratic virtues. Will they shelve their greed( for power) for the need of a virtuous democratic system? Maybe. Maybe not, but with the passing of the party hopping bill; the chicken will surely come home to roost. In 2017
Ideally, anti-defection laws are temporary measures to consolidate a chaotic party system, but who are we kidding? Ours is a semi democratic system where parties are merely temporary electoral and legislative alliances designed to maximize the election chances of individual politicians.
Established democracies value the freedom of individual parliamentary members/candidates to switch parties. They regard switching parties as compatible with democratic values and see anti-defection laws as infringements on political freedoms. It may help to learn from democratic nations like New-Zealand and South Africa who once had but abandoned such laws.
In a political system that is still struggling to mold credence and credibility in their elections, it is a step in an uncertain direction to restrain candidates from being ideologically (or otherwise) at variance with their parties.
Since multy-party democracy, the lack of political consistency and unbridled party-switching by politicians understandably has reinforced the notion among voters that parties are neither robust nor meaningfully differentiated. Little to say of the regional (tribal?) brand in each political party.
Our fragmented parties operating in a corrupt and personalistic political system has very little commitment to political values and democratic virtues. Will they shelve their greed( for power) for the need of a virtuous democratic system? Maybe. Maybe not, but with the passing of the party hopping bill; the chicken will surely come home to roost. In 2017
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